Transitions by purpose
| Purpose | Transitions | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Add a point | also, in addition, moreover, furthermore, besides | The pool would create jobs. In addition, it would give families a place to meet. |
| Contrast | however, but, on the other hand, in contrast, yet, still | Most students voted for the museum. However, a few wanted the zoo. |
| Example | for example, for instance, such as, specifically | Some birds travel huge distances. For example, the Arctic tern flies from the Arctic to Antarctica and back each year. |
| Cause and effect | therefore, as a result, so, consequently, because of this | We practiced every day. As a result, we won the title. |
| Similarity | similarly, likewise, in the same way | Bees pollinate crops. Similarly, some bats pollinate desert plants. |
| Order and time | first, next, then, after that, meanwhile, finally | First, measure the water. Next, add the salt. |
| Concession | admittedly, of course, granted, although | Admittedly, a pool costs money to build. |
| Conclusion | in the end, overall, in short | In the end, the benefits outweigh the costs. |
Between paragraphs
Purdue OWL describes transitions as wrapping up the idea from the last section and introducing the next one. Between paragraphs, a single word is often not enough. Use the first sentence of the new paragraph to link both ideas: Besides keeping kids safe, a pool would also pay for itself over time.
Weak vs strong
| Weak | Strong | Why |
|---|---|---|
| We practiced every day. However, we won. | We practiced every day. As a result, we won. | Winning follows from practice, so it is cause and effect, not contrast. |
| Next, I will talk about money. | Besides keeping kids safe, a pool would also pay for itself. | The strong one links the two ideas instead of announcing the topic. |
| Moreover, furthermore, also, at the start of every sentence | Transitions only where the link is not obvious | Too many transitions make writing sound stiff. |
Worked examples
Example 1: choose by relationship
Problem The recipe says to bake for 30 minutes. ___, our oven runs hot, so we checked at 20.
- What is the link? The second sentence goes against what the recipe says.
- That is contrast, so pick a contrast word.
Answer However, (or But)
Example 2: punctuate however
Problem It was raining however we still went for a walk.
- Two complete sentences surround however.
- Use a semicolon or period before it and a comma after it. See semicolons.
Answer It was raining; however, we still went for a walk.
Common mistakes and fixes
| Mistake | Fix |
|---|---|
| Picking a transition that sounds smart but means the wrong thing | Name the relationship first, then pick from that group. |
| Joining two sentences with a comma and however | Use a semicolon or period before however. |
| Starting every sentence with a transition | Use them only where the reader needs help seeing the link. |
| Announcing the next paragraph (Now I will discuss) | Write a topic sentence that links the old idea and the new one. |
Practice
Five transition questions
We practiced every afternoon for two months. ___, we won the championship.
- On the other hand,
- However,
- For example,
- As a result,
Show answer
Answer: As a result,
Winning follows from the practice, so the link is cause and effect. However and on the other hand signal contrast, and the win is not an example of practicing.
Most of the class voted for a trip to the museum. ___, a few students wanted to go to the zoo.
- Therefore,
- For instance,
- However,
- Similarly,
Show answer
Answer: However,
The second sentence goes against the first: most chose the museum, but some wanted the zoo. That is contrast. The others signal a result, an example or a similarity.
Many birds migrate long distances. ___, the Arctic tern flies from the Arctic to Antarctica and back each year.
- As a result,
- However,
- For example,
- Meanwhile,
Show answer
Answer: For example,
The Arctic tern is one specific case of a bird that migrates far. The other choices signal contrast, a result, or something happening at the same time.
Which sentence is punctuated correctly?
- It was raining, however, we still went for a walk.
- It was raining however; we still went for a walk.
- It was raining however we still went for a walk.
- It was raining; however, we still went for a walk.
Show answer
Answer: It was raining; however, we still went for a walk.
However begins the second complete sentence, so it takes a semicolon before it and a comma after it. A comma before however is a comma splice, and the others misplace or drop the punctuation.
The last paragraph was about a pool keeping kids safe. Which first sentence best moves into a paragraph about cost?
- Besides keeping kids safe, a pool would also pay for itself over time.
- Next, I will talk about money.
- Pools cost money.
- In conclusion, pools are good.
Show answer
Answer: Besides keeping kids safe, a pool would also pay for itself over time.
It wraps up the safety point and introduces the cost point in one sentence. Pools cost money is a bare fact, Next, I will talk about money announces instead of linking, and In conclusion belongs in a conclusion.
Frequently asked questions
How many transition words should I use?
As many as the reader needs, and no more. Use one where the connection between sentences is not obvious, especially for contrast and cause and effect. If almost every sentence starts with one, cut most of them and let the ideas follow each other.
Can I start a sentence with but or and?
Yes. Many style guides, including Chicago, say it is acceptable, and good writers do it. Some teachers prefer you avoid it in formal essays, so follow your class's rules. However is a safe formal choice for contrast.
Are SAT transitions questions the same idea?
Yes. The SAT asks you to pick the transition that matches the logical relationship between two sentences. The same groups apply: contrast, cause and effect, addition, example, order. See SAT transitions questions.
Sources
- Purdue OWL, Argumentative Essays (transitions), accessed October 1, 2026
- Purdue OWL, Commas vs. Semicolons, accessed October 1, 2026
